Charles radclyffe biography
Charles Radclyffe
Titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater
For other people with similar names, see Charles Radcliff.
Charles Radcliff, de jure Earl of Derwentwater | |
|---|---|
Charles Radcliff, de jure 5th Earl of Derwentwater | |
| Known&#;for | Jacobite |
| Born | Charles Radcliff or Radclyffe ()3 September Little Parndon, Essex, England |
| Died | 8 December () (aged&#;53) Tower Hill, London, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Issue | James Bartholomew Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Newburgh |
| Parents | |
Charles Radclyffe (3 September – 8 December ), titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater, was one of the few English participants in the Risings of and
The Radclyffes were Catholics from Northumberland, with long-standing links to the exiled Stuarts; sentenced to death in , he escaped and spent the next 30 years in Europe.
Charles radclyffe biography images Eventually the three lords mentioned above were reprieved however, the Radcliffe brothers were not, Charles Radcliffe being sent to Newgate prison. Cook, Alice, ed. Moving through Hexham they arrived at Newcastle where they fully expected the local gentry to take up arms on behalf of the Jacobites. John Erskine of MarHe was captured at sea along with his eldest son in November en route to Scotland and executed on 8 December , under the warrant issued in His son James was released and later settled in Slindon, West Sussex.
Life
Charles was born 3 September in Little Parndon, Essex, third and youngest son of Edward, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater (–) and Lady Mary Tudor (–), an illegitimate daughter of Charles II.
He had two brothers and a sister; James, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater (–), Francis (–) and Mary (–).[citation needed] His brother Francis died in France, in May
On 24 June , he married Charlotte Maria Livingston (–), daughter of the 2nd Earl of Newburgh and widow of Thomas Clifford. Their children included James, who inherited his mother's title in , and Mary (–).
He also had a daughter, Jane (–) from a relationship with Margaret Snowden (–).[2] She is the main character in the novel Devil Water by Anya Seton that also features Radclyffe.[3]
Career
The Radclyffes were Catholics, with long-standing links to the Stuarts; his grandfather Sir Francis Radclyffe (–) was created Earl of Derwentwater by Charles II upon his son, Edward Radclyffe, marrying Lady Mary Tudor.[4] His grandmother, Catherine Fenwick, came from another long-established Northumberland family; her brother Sir John Fenwick was executed in for conspiracy to assassinate William III.
His elder brother James was educated at the exile court in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where he was companion to James Francis Edward Stuart.
Allowed to return to England in , he and Charles joined the Rising, with a troop of 70 servants and friends.
Charles radclyffe biography wikipedia Captured at Preston , they were both found guilty of treason and condemned to death. Robert Hamilton of Hamilton Read the Biography. Seccombe , p.Captured at Preston, they were both found guilty of treason and condemned to death. Witnesses at the trial claimed Charles was in command, but despite efforts to save him, James was executed at Tower Hill in February and his title died with him. In December , Charles escaped from Newgate Prison with 13 other prisoners when a door was left open, and made his way to France.
He spent many years in Rome, the location of the Stuart court post, including a period as private secretary to Prince Charles.
His nephew John, de jure 4th Earl Derwentwater, died in , leaving a legacy to "my kinsman, Mr Thompson", which may refer to an alias used by Charles, who now styled himself 5th Earl Derwentwater. He visited London and Essex in and , reputedly with the knowledge of the government.
Like many Jacobites, he was a Freemason, who reportedly served as Grandmaster of the Grande Loge de France in [6] He is also listed as an officer in the Order of the Fleur de Lys, one of several organisations claiming to inherit the legacy of the Knights Templar; the Order still exists, although the more fantastic assertions have since been disproved.
In November , during the Jacobite Rising, Charles and his son James boarded a French ship taking arms and supplies from Dunkirk to the Scottish port of Montrose.
It was intercepted in the North Sea by HMS Sheerness and the two were taken to the Tower of London. Charles had been commissioned into Dillon's Regiment, part of the Franco-Irish Brigade, a common technique used in hopes of being treated as a prisoner of war if captured, rather than a rebel. Francis Towneley, colonel of the Manchester Regiment, also employed this defence but the authorities carefully scrutinised such claims and rejected the vast majority.
Lord Chancellor Hardwicke used the warrant to execute Charles in December ; although technically not a peer, he was beheaded, rather than being hanged, drawn and quartered, the normal fate for those found guilty of treason.
If he had not escaped in , Charles would in all probability have been pardoned, but the government was particularly harsh on families and individuals seen as habitual or repeat offenders.
In a letter to his wife Charlotte the night before his execution, Charles refers to "Fanny, that other mother of my dear children." This is generally taken to refer to Lady Frances Clifford, Charlotte's sister-in-law from her first marriage, who may have assisted in bringing up Radclyffe's own children.[citation needed] He was buried in the church of St Giles in the Fields, Camden.
James was released and pardoned under the Act of Indemnity; in , he married Barbara Kempe, another Catholic, whose family owned Slindon House near Slindon, West Sussex.
He unsuccessfully petitioned for the return of the Derwentwater estates, which reverted to the government after the death of John Radclyffe in and the income assigned to the Greenwich Hospital. He succeeded his mother as Earl of Newburgh in
References
- ^‘Derwentwater Family’, Notes and Queries, , II series, vol.
xii, p. ; , IV series, vol. 2, ; F. Dickinson, pp. 7,
- ^Seton, Anya. (). Devil water (&#;ed.). Chicago: Chicago Review Press. ISBN&#;.Charles radclyffe biography Wikiwand for Edge. His nephew John, de jure 4th Earl Derwentwater, died in , leaving a legacy to "my kinsman, Mr Thompson", which may refer to an alias used by Charles, who now styled himself 5th Earl Derwentwater. Charles had been commissioned into Dillon's Regiment, part of the Franco-Irish Brigade , a common technique used in hopes of being treated as a prisoner of war if captured, rather than a rebel. Rene I King of Jerusalem and the 2 Sicilies
OCLC&#;
- ^A Sketch of the Life and Character of Mr. Ratcliffe
- ^"Charles Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Derwentwater". Masonry Today. Retrieved 6 December
Sources
- Cook, Alice, ed. ().
Charles radclyffe biography net worth: In a letter to his wife Charlotte the night before his execution, Charles refers to "Fanny, that other mother of my dear children. In a letter to his wife Charlotte the night before his execution, Charles refers to "Fanny, that other mother of my dear children. Louis Napoleon In December , Charles escaped from Newgate Prison with 13 other prisoners when a door was left open, and made his way to France.
Remains, historical and literary, connected with the palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester; Volume 44. Chatham Society.
- Craster, Henry, Sir (). A history of Northumberland. issued under the direction of the Northumberland county history committee. Simpkins & Co.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Hampson, Gillian.
"FENWICK, Sir John, 3rd Bt. (c), of Wallington, Northumb.
Charles radclyffe biography death Dilston Hall the grand seat of the Earls of Derwentwater is now merely a ruin and Dilston Chapel and the Lords Bridge which are in close proximity are said to have been built with money originally raised for financing the Gunpowder Plot. Rene I King of Jerusalem and the 2 Sicilies Their children included James , who inherited his mother's title in , and Mary — He is also listed as an officer in the Order of the Fleur de Lys, one of several organisations claiming to inherit the legacy of the Knights Templar ; the Order still exists, although the more fantastic assertions have since been disproved.and Westminster". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 6 December
- Hitchin-Kemp, Fred (). General History of the Kemp and Kempe families. Leadenhall Press.
- Jackson, William (). The Newgate Calendar, Volume IV. A Hogg.
- Lincoln, Henry; Baigent, Michael ().
The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. Arrow. ISBN&#;.
- Seccombe, Thomas ().
- Charles radclyffe biography net worth
- Charles radclyffe biography wife
- Charles radclyffe biography family
"Radcliffe, James"&#;. Dictionary of National Biography. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–